आकृति:Infobox gallium

Gallium,  ₃₁Ga

सामान्य गुण
नाम, चिन्ह	gallium, Ga
उच्चारण	/ˈɡæliəm/ gal-ee-əm
उपस्थिति	silvery blue
पेरियोडिक तालिकामे नाम- Gallium
Al ↑ Ga ↓ In zinc ← gallium → germanium
परमाणविक क्रम (Z)	31
समूह, खण्ड	group 13, p-block
अवधि	period 4
तत्व श्रेणी	post-transition metal
मानक परमाणविक भार (±) (Ar)	69.723(1)
इलेक्ट्रोन वितरण	[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
प्रति आवरण	2, 8, 18, 3
भौतिक गुण
स्थिति	solid
गलनाङ्क	302.9146 के ​(29.7646 °से, ​85.5763 °फे)
क्वथनाङ्क	2673 के ​(2400 °से, ​4352 °फे)
घनत्व नजदिक गृ.ता.	5.91 ग्रा/सेमी३
एम.पी.तरल विन्दु नजदिक	6.095 ग्रा/सेमी३
विलय उष्मा	5.59 kJ/mol
वाष्पीय ताप	256 kJ/mol
वाष्पीकरण उष्मा	25.86 J/(mol·K)
वाष्प दवाब P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 1310 1448 1620 1838 2125 2518
परमाणविक गुण
अक्सिडेसन अवस्थासभ	3, 2, 1, −1, −2, −4, −5 ​(an amphoteric oxide)
इलेक्ट्रोनिगेटिभिटी	Pauling scale: 1.81
आयनीकरण उर्जा	1st: 578.8 kJ/mol 2nd: 1979.3 kJ/mol 3rd: 2963 kJ/mol (more)
परमाणविक अर्धव्यास	empirical: 135 pm
सहसंयोजक अर्धव्यास	122±3 pm
भ्यान डर वाल्स रेडियस	187 pm
विविध
स्फटिक संरचना	​orthorhombic
ध्वनि तीव्रता thin rod	2740 मि/से (पर 20 °से)
तापीय प्रसार	18 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °से)
उष्मीय चालकता	40.6 W/(m·K)
विधुतीय प्रतिरोधकर्ता	270 nΩ·m (at 20 °से)
चुम्बकीय	diamagnetic
युवा मोडुलस	9.8 GPa
विष अनुपात	0.47
मोस् कठोरता	1.5
ब्राइनेल कठोरता	56.8–68.7 MPa
सिएएस क्रम	7440-55-3
इतिहास
नामकरण	after Gallia (Latin for: France), homeland of the discoverer
अनुमान	Dmitri Mendeleev (1871)
खोज आ पहिल अलगाव	Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1875)
galliumक सर्वाधिक स्थिर समस्थानिक
आइसो एनए अर्धायु काल डिएम डिई (MeV) डिपी 66Ga syn 9.5 h β+ 4.153 66Zn 67Ga syn 3.261 d ε 1.001 67Zn 68Ga syn 1.13 h β+ 1.899 68Zn 69Ga 60.11% 69Ga is stable with 38 neutrons 70Ga syn 21.1 min β− 1.653 70Ge ε 0.655 70Zn 71Ga 39.89% 71Ga is stable with 40 neutrons 72Ga syn 14.10 h β− 3.997 72Ge 73Ga syn 4.9 h β− 1.598 73Ge

References

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References

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