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आकृति:Infobox planet

मैथिली विकिपिडियासँ, एक मुक्त विश्वकोश
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This template has been designed for the presentation of information on non-stellar astronomical bodies: planets (including extrasolar planets), dwarf planets, moons and minor planets. Some parameters will not be applicable to individual types; these may be omitted without any problems to the template's function.

  • This template expects that the <references /> tag will be present in articles आकृति:Clarify span. Pages without a <references /> tag will show Cite error: There are <ref> tags on this page for a group named "note", but the references will not show without a <ref group="note"> tag; see Help:Cite errors. at the bottom of the page.
  • When parameters relating to minor planets are used (e.g. mp_name), several subheadings and wikilinks within the template are made specific to minor planets. For standard formulas for computable values and sources of physical data, see Template talk:Infobox Nonstellar body#Computed values and Standard asteroid physical characteristics.
  • The proper orbital element "Proper orbital period" (in Julian years and days) is calculated within the template from proper mean motion and so does not require a parameter.
  • For bodies orbiting bodies other than the Sun, include the parameter |apsis= (appropriate suffix). This will replace various parameters' default "-helion" suffix to the suffix set by the |apsis= parameter. For example, setting |apsis= astron converts the labels "perihelion", "aphelion" and "Argument of perihelion" into "periastron", "apastron" and "Argument of periastron" respectively.
[सम्पादन करी]

See § All parameters for a complete listing.

name
[[File:image|frameless|alt=image_alt|image_alt]]
caption
Discovery
खोजकर्ताdiscoverer
खोजक स्थानdiscovery_site
खोजक तिथिdiscovered
discovery_method
Designations
अन्य नाम
alt_names
कक्षीय विशेषतासभ
semimajor
विकेन्द्रताeccentricity
period
avg_speed
झुकावinclination
angular_dist
long_periastron
time_periastron
अर्द्ध-आयामsemi-amplitude
भौतिक विशेषतासभ
औषत अर्धव्यास
mean_radius
surface_area
आयतनvolume
पिण्डmass
औषत घनत्व
density
surface_grav
moment_of_inertia_factor
escape_velocity
अल्बेडोalbedo
तापक्रमsingle_temperature
{{Infobox planet
| extrasolarplanet   = yes
| name               = <!--on top of infobox-->
| image              = 
| image_alt          = 
| caption            = 
| apsis              = astron
| discovery_ref      = <!-- <ref>...</ref>-->
| discoverer         = 
| discovery_site     = 
| discovered         = <!--(Date)-->
| discovery_method   = 
| alt_names          = <!--(Any alternative names for the body)-->
| periastron         = 
| apoastron          = 
| semimajor          = 
| avg_speed          = <!--(Average orbital speed)-->
| eccentricity       = 
| period             = <!--(Orbital period)-->
| inclination        = 
| angular_dist       = 
| long_periastron    = <!--(Longitude of periastron)-->
| time_periastron    = <!--(Time of periastron)-->
| semi-amplitude     = 
| mean_radius        = 
| surface_area       = 
| volume             = 
| density            = 
| mass               = 
| surface_grav       = <!--Equatorial surface gravity-->
| moment_of_inertia_factor = 
| escape_velocity    = 
| albedo             = 
| single_temperature = 
}}

See § All parameters for a complete listing.

name symbol
[[File:image|frameless|alt=image_alt|image_alt]]
caption
Discovery[]
खोजकर्ताdiscoverer
खोजक स्थानdiscovery site
खोजक तिथिdiscovered
Designations
MPC designationmp_name
अन्य नाम
alt_names
सामान्य ग्रह श्रेणी
mp_category
कक्षीय विशेषतासभ[]
युग epoch
Uncertainty parameter uncertainty
Observation arcobservation arc length
उपसौरaphelion
अपसौरperihelion
semimajor
विकेन्द्रताeccentricity
period
avg_speed
mean_anomaly
झुकावinclination
asc_node
arg_peri
ज्ञात उपग्रहसभsatellites
पृथ्वी MOIDearth moid
Mercury MOID(see All parameters)
Proper orbital elements[]
p_semi_major AU
p_eccentricity
p_inclination
360 deg / yr
1 yr
(365.25 d)
Precession of perihelion
perihelion_rate arcsec / yr
Precession of the ascending node
node_rate arcsec / yr
भौतिक विशेषतासभ
परिमाणdimensions
पिण्डmass
औषत घनत्व
density
surface_grav
moment_of_inertia_factor
भूमध्यरेखा पलायन वेग
escape_velocity
नक्षत्र घुर्णन काल
sidereal_day
axial_tilt
pole_ecliptic_lat
pole_ecliptic_lon
albedo
सतह तापक्रम न्यून औषत अधिक
Kelvin 150 200
Celsius −73
spectral_type
abs_magnitude
{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet        = yes
| background         = #FFFFC0 <!--default color, yellow-->
| name               = 
| symbol             = 
| image              = 
| image_alt          = 
| caption            = 
| discovery_ref      = <ref>...</ref>
| discoverer         = 
| discovered         = 
| discovery_site     = ''discovery_site''
| mp_name            = <!--(Minor planet name)-->
| mp_category        = <!--(Minor planet category)-->
| alt_names          = <!--(Alternative names)-->
| orbit_ref          = <ref>...</ref>
| epoch              = 
| uncertainty        = [[Uncertainty Parameter U]]
| observation_arc    = [[Observation arc]] length
| aphelion           = 
| perihelion         = 
| semimajor          = 
| eccentricity       = 
| period             = 
| avg_speed          = <!--(Average orbital speed)-->
| inclination        = 
| asc_node           = <!--(Longitude of ascending node)-->
| mean_anomaly       = 
| arg_peri           = <!--(Argument of perihelion)-->
| p_orbit_ref        = <ref>...</ref>
| p_semimajor        = 
| p_eccentricity     = 
| p_inclination      = 
| p_mean_motion      = <!--(Proper orbital mean motion)-->
| perihelion_rate    = <!--(Proper perihelic precession rate)-->
| node_rate          = <!--(Proper nodal precession rate)-->
| satellites         = 
| moid               = <!--(Earth moid only)-->
| mercury_moid       = <!--(see "All parameters" section)-->
| dimensions         = 
| mass               = 
| density            = 
| surface_grav       = <!--(Equatorial surface gravity)-->
| moment_of_inertia_factor = <!--(Moment of inertia factor)-->
| escape_velocity    = 
| sidereal_day       = 
| axial_tilt         = 
| pole_ecliptic_lat  = <!--(Pole ecliptic latitude)-->
| pole_ecliptic_lon  = <!--(Pole ecliptic longitude)-->
| albedo             = 
| spectral_type      = 
| abs_magnitude      = <!--(Absolute magnitude)-->
| single_temperature = 
}}

See here for means of semi-automating this template's transclusion as regards minor planets.

  • For satellites of minor planets, include the parameter |apsis= astron (see above).
From Wikipedia:WikiProject Astronomical objects/Infoboxes

Most of these entries should be measured in SI units. Some of them, however, should have more "human-accessible" units, in addition to SI units: several such cases are indicated with a second unit name in brackets. In the case of times (orbital periods, rotation), it is best to give all periods in days for comparison purposes, and provide a translation (in parentheses) into years, days, hours, etc.; whatever is most appropriate for the duration being described.

This template is very flexible. Moons with no atmosphere whatsoever could skip the atmospheric composition section entirely, for example (though atmospheric density would still be listed). Moons also wouldn't have their orbital radii listed in AU, since AUs are such large units. For planets, use "perihelion" and "aphelion" instead of "periapsis" and "apoapsis."

In the case of "number of moons" and "is a moon of", only one of these rows will be used by any given object. There aren't any moons with moons (yet), though perhaps "co-orbital with" might be a useful row to add in a few cases.

On orbital characteristics: The orbital circumference should be computed from the semi-major axis using Ramanujan's approximation for ellipses. The ratio of that circumference to the period then gives the average orbital speed. The minimum and maximum speeds follow from Kepler's laws: and . Note that, by convention, all orbital parameters are given in the primocentric reference system (heliocentric for the planets).

On proper orbital elements: The formulae used by the template to convert from proper mean motion to proper orbital motion are:
Oyears = 360 / M   and
Odays = 365.25 x Oyears

On physical characteristics: The surface area and volume of non-spherical objects (e.g. moonlets, asteroids) must use the proper ellipsoid formulae, because even slight departures from sphericity will make a large difference, particularly for the area.

On the subject of obliquity: Obliquity is the angle between the object's axis of rotation and the normal to the plane of its orbit. Do not confuse this with the tilt listed in the JPL pages, which is a measure of the angle between the local Laplace plane and the primary's equatorial plane. In fact, most inner moons have synchronous rotations, so their obliquities will be, by definition, zero. Outer moons simply have not been seen from close up enough to determine their true obliquities (although Phoebe, recently seen by Cassini, is an exception; see Talk:Phoebe (moon) for the derivation of its obliquity).

{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet            = yes <!-- enables features for minor planets -->
| extrasolarplanet       = yes <!-- enables features for extrasolar planets -->
| width                  = <!-- Defunct. Do not use it. Remove it from existing templates -->
| name                   = <-- displayed in caption of infobox -->
| symbol                 = <!--[[File:...|14px]]-->
| image                  = <!--[[File:...|260px]]-->
| image_alt              = 
| caption                = <!-- image caption -->
| background             = <!-- #FFFFC0 -->
| discovery_ref          = <ref>...</ref>
| discoverer             = <!-- person(s), survey -->
| discovery_site         = 
| discovered             = <!-- date -->
| discovery_method       = 
| designations           = <!-- Defunct. Do not use it. Remove it from existing templates -->
| mp_name                = 
| pronounced             = {{IPAc-en|<!-- IPA string -->|}}
| named_after            = 
| alt_names              = 
| mp_category            = 
| adjectives             = 
| orbit_ref              = <ref>...</ref>
| orbit_diagram          = <!-- [[File:...|260px]]-->
| epoch                  = 
| uncertainty            = 
| observation_arc        = 
| apsis                  = 
| aphelion               = 
| perihelion             = 
| periastron             = 
| apoastron              = 
| periapsis              = 
| apoapsis               = 
| semimajor              = 
| mean_orbit_radius      = 
| eccentricity           = 
| period                 = 
| synodic_period         = 
| avg_speed              = <!--(Average orbital speed)-->
| mean_anomaly           = 
| inclination            = 
| angular_dist           = <!--(Angular distance)-->
| asc_node               = <!--(Longitude of ascending node)-->
| long_periastron        = <!--(Longitude of periastron)-->
| time_periastron        = <!--(Time of periastron)-->
| arg_peri               = <!--(Argument of peri[helion/astron/...])-->
| semi-amplitude         = 
| satellite_of           = 
| satellites             = 
| moid                   = <!--(Earth MOID only)-->
| mercury_moid           = 
| venus_moid             = 
| mars_moid              = 
| jupiter_moid           = 
| saturn_moid            = 
| uranus_moid            = 
| neptune_moid           = 
| p_orbit_ref            = <ref>...</ref>
| p_semimajor            = 
| p_eccentricity         = 
| p_inclination          = 
| p_mean_motion          = <!--(Proper orbital mean motion)-->
| perihelion_rate        = <!--(Proper perihelic precession rate)-->
| node_rate              = <!--(Proper nodal precession rate)-->
| dimensions             = 
| mean_radius            = 
| equatorial_radius      = 
| polar_radius           = 
| flattening             = 
| circumference          = 
| surface_area           = 
| volume                 = 
| mass                   = 
| density                = 
| surface_grav           = <!--(Equatorial surface gravity)-->
| moment_of_inertia_factor = <!--(Moment of inertia factor)-->
| escape_velocity        = 
| sidereal_day           = 
| rot_velocity           = <!--(Rotational velocity)-->
| axial_tilt             = 
| right_asc_north_pole   = <!--(North pole right ascension)-->
| declination            = <!--(North pole declination)-->
| pole_ecliptic_lat      = <!--(Pole ecliptic latitude)-->
| pole_ecliptic_lon      = <!--(Pole ecliptic longitude)-->
| albedo                 = 
| single_temperature     = 
| temp_name1             = 
| min_temp_1             = 
| mean_temp_1            = 
| max_temp_1             = 
| temp_name2             = 
| min_temp_2             = 
| mean_temp_2            = 
| max_temp_2             = 
| temp_name3             = 
| min_temp_3             = 
| mean_temp_3            = 
| max_temp_3             = 
| temp_name4             = 
| min_temp_4             = 
| mean_temp_4            = 
| max_temp_4             = 
| spectral_type          = 
| family                 = 
| magnitude              = <!--(Apparent magnitude)-->
| abs_magnitude          = <!--(Absolute magnitude)-->
| angular_size           = 
| atmosphere_ref         = <ref>...</ref>
| surface_pressure       = 
| scale_height           = 
| atmosphere_composition = 
| note                   = 
}}

This section documents how some minor planet parameters may be computed when they're not directly measured. More detail can be found in Standard asteroid physical characteristics.

Average orbital speed

[सम्पादन करी]

This is very simply the orbital circumference divided by the orbital period.

The exact circumference of an ellipse is , where a is the semi-major axis, e the eccentricity, and the function E is the complete elliptic integral of the second kind. This gives

E is close to when e is small.

An approximation using a taylor series expansion is

AstOrb Browser computes a velocity using Ramanujan's approximation for an ellipse's circumference:

Where b is the orbit's semi-minor axis:

For a spherical body of mass m, and radius r, the gravitational acceleration at the surface, is given by

Where G = 6.6742×10−11 m3s−2kg−1 is the Gravitational constant, M is the mass of the body, and r its radius. This value is very approximate, as most minor planets are far from spherical.

For irregularly shaped bodies, the surface gravity will differ appreciably with location. However, at the outermost point/s, where the distance to the centre of mass is the greatest, the surface gravity is still given by a simple formula, a slightly modified version of the above that uses the largest radius

because all the body's mass is contained within this radius.

On a rotating body, the apparent weight experienced by an object on the surface is reduced by the centrifugal force, when one is away from the poles. The centrifugal acceleration experienced at the equator is

where T is the rotation period in seconds, and is the equatorial radius (usually also the maximum radius used above). The negative sign indicates that it acts in the opposite direction to the gravitational acceleration g.

The effective surface gravity at the equator is then

For surface gravity g and radius r, the escape velocity is:

This value is much less sensitive to the factors affecting the surface gravity, mentioned above.

For asteroid albedo α, semimajor axis a, solar luminosity , and asteroid infrared emissivity ε (usually taken to be ~0.9), the approximate mean temperature T is given by:

Where σ is Stefan-Boltzmann constant. See also Torrence V. Johnson, Paul R. Weissman, Lucy-Ann A. McFadden (2007). Encyclopedia of the Solar System. Elsevier. pp. 294. आइएसबिएन 978-0-12-088589-3. .

साँचे के पैरामीटर्स[साँचा डेटा सम्पादित करें]

पैरामीटरविवरणप्रकारस्थिति
Minorplanetminorplanet

when given a value (e.g. yes) it changes labels, section headings and links to a specifically customized version for minor planets. This is a functional parameter only and has no label or value that is displayed

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Extrasolarplanetextrasolarplanet

when given a value (e.g. yes) it changes labels, section headings and links to a specifically customized version for extrasolar planets. This is a functional parameter only and has no label or value that is displayed

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Name name

name of planet

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Symbol symbol

symbol of planet

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Backgroundbackground

background color for section headings

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Backgroundbgcolour

deprecated parameter to set background color for section headings. Use parameter 'background' instead

स्ट्रिंगकालग्रस्त
Widthwidth

defunct parameter to set width of infobox. Do not use it. Remove it from existing templates. Width of infobox can no longer be adjusted. However, if the template contains an image, the width of the infobox will adjust accordingly and change from its default width of about 260px

स्ट्रिंगकालग्रस्त
Image image

image of planet

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Caption caption

caption

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Apsisapsis

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Discovery_ref discovery_ref

<ref>...</ref>, reference displayed in section heading

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Discovererdiscoverer

discoverer of planet

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Discovery_sitediscovery_site

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Discovered discovered

discovered

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Discovery_method discovery_method

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
mp_name mp_name

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Pronouncedpronounced

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Named_afternamed_after

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
mp_category mp_category

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Alt_names alt_names

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Orbit_ref orbit_ref

<ref>...</ref>, reference displayed in section heading

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Orbit_diagram orbit_diagram

image link, just like in prose. ex.: [[File:1992 TC orbital diagram.jpg|260px]]

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Epoch epoch

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Uncertainty_parameteruncertainty

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Observation_arcobservation_arc

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Aphelionaphelion

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Perihelion perihelion

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Periastronperiastron

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Apoastronapoastron

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Periapsisperiapsis

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Apoapsis apoapsis

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Semimajor semimajor

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Mean_orbit_radius mean_orbit_radius

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Eccentricity eccentricity

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Periodperiod

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Synodic_periodsynodic_period

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Avg_speed avg_speed

(Average orbital speed)

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Mean_anomalymean_anomaly

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Inclination inclination

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Angular_dist angular_dist

(Angular distance)

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Asc_node asc_node

(Longitude of ascending node)

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Long_periastron long_periastron

(Longitude of periastron)

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Time_periastron time_periastron

(Time of periastron)

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Arg_peri arg_peri

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Semi-amplitude semi-amplitude

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
p_orbit_refp_orbit_ref

<ref>...</ref>, reference displayed in section heading

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
p_semimajor p_semimajor

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
p_eccentricity p_eccentricity

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
p_inclination p_inclination

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
p_mean_motion p_mean_motion

(Proper orbital mean motion)

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Perihelion_rateperihelion_rate

(Proper perihelic precession rate)

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Node_rate node_rate

(Proper nodal precession rate)

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Satellite_of satellite_of

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Satellites satellites

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Moid moid

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Mercury_moid mercury_moid

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Venus_moid venus_moid

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Mars_moid mars_moid

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Jupiter_moidjupiter_moid

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Saturn_moid saturn_moid

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Uranus_moid uranus_moid

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Neptune_moidneptune_moid

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Dimensionsdimensions

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Flattening flattening

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Equatorial_radiusequatorial_radius

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Polar_radiuspolar_radius

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Mean_radiusmean_radius

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Circumferencecircumference

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Surface_area surface_area

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Volume volume

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Mass mass

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Densitydensity

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Surface_grav surface_grav

(Equatorial surface gravity)

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Moment_of_inertia_factormoment_of_inertia_factor

(Moment of inertia factor)

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Escape_velocityescape_velocity

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Sidereal_day sidereal_day

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Rot_velocityrot_velocity

(Rotational velocity)

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Axial_tilt axial_tilt

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Right_asc_north_poleright_asc_north_pole

(North pole right ascension)

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Declination declination

(North pole declination)

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Pole_ecliptic_lat pole_ecliptic_lat

(Pole ecliptic latitude)

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Pole_ecliptic_lon pole_ecliptic_lon

(Pole ecliptic longitude)

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Albedo albedo

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Single_temperature single_temperature

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Temp_name1temp_name1

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Min_temp_1min_temp_1

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Mean_temp_1 mean_temp_1

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Max_temp_1max_temp_1

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Temp_name2 temp_name2

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Min_temp_2 min_temp_2

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Mean_temp_2 mean_temp_2

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Max_temp_2 max_temp_2

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Spectral_type spectral_type

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Magnitude magnitude

(Apparent magnitude)

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Abs_magnitudeabs_magnitude

(Absolute magnitude)

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Angular_size angular_size

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Pronounced pronounced

{{IPA-en|<!-- IPA string -->|}}

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Adjectives adjectives

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Atmosphere_ref atmosphere_ref

<ref>...</ref>, reference displayed in section heading

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Surface_pressure surface_pressure

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Scale_heightscale_height

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक
Atmosphere_compositionatmosphere_composition

स्ट्रिंगवैकल्पिक

The HTML mark up produced by this template includes an hCard microformat, which makes the place-name and location parsable by computers, either acting automatically to catalogue article across Wikipedia, or via a browser tool operated by a person, to (for example) add the subject to an address book. For more information about the use of microformats on Wikipedia, please see the microformat project.

If the place or venue has an "established", "founded", "opened" or similar date, specific to the day, use {{Start date}} (unless the date is before 1583 CE); if it has a URL, use {{URL}}.

hCard uses HTML classes including:

  • adr
  • category
  • country-name
  • extended-address
  • fn
  • label
  • locality
  • nickname
  • note
  • org
  • street-address
  • url
  • vcard

Please do not rename or remove these classes; nor collapse nested elements which use them.

  1. discovery_ref
  2. orbit_ref
  3. p_orbit_ref